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Rite and Ritual
Meaning "Rite" [Latin]: religious ordinances, ceremonies religion, ceremonies, customs, habits. UK: rite-ritual = Indonesia: "rite", while "ritual" itself is adjective formation in the UK and Indonesia.
Rite:
- A. Nijk: rites arise because of the awareness of the gaps (lacunae, hiatus), there is something missing, not formulated, but people have to "do something without knowing how to ". So, people were "doing something" by trial and error. What was in the area of awareness and feelings expressed by trying to do something. The first experiment was repeated, and repeated. Repetitive actions often accompanied by a strong devotion. So, be a rite.
- Ronald L. Grimes: a type of behavior that clearly and deliberately distinguished from "normal behavior" that shows a special rule in space and time. Rite is a series of actions that are widely known by members of the culture as a "classic", "normative", "Essential" for proper understanding of the relation with self, world, and the Divine.
Ritual:- Ronald L. Grimes: a blend of several types action, eg. singing, drama, dance.
- Roy Rappoport: a form or structur displayed through a series of formal acts and sayings are not made by the perpetrators. Character is formal (invariant, stylized, repetitive, stereotyped, bound particular time and place), performative (not just a way to express something, but the ritual itself is an aspect of what is being disclosed, different drama [to audiences who saw] the ritual [Need to congregations that participated]), and efficacious (Not only communicate, but also make an impact, an efficacy that is not derived from experience senses and did not refer to the influence of material).
- Catherine Bell (ritual / rite / ritual) is not composed of unique actions that occur only in context of the rite, but a way of acting, a different in ways other act, any type of contrast (eg celebration of the Eucharist = not as a ritual food and drink usual). The difference was strengthened through a variety of strategies.
Social: the period, material, location. Objectives: [1] distinguish means "this" way "it", [2] confirms the values of available from the distinction, [3] gives the participants a "Experience" of the distinction is based on the nature reality (there is a hierarchy of behavior: the higher, moresacred).
- Gerard Lukken: not enough just to say that the ritual contain elements of a symbol (of Things), the symbolic action (Acts), and symbolic language (words), but need to see ritual significance of the functional characteristics: [1] healing and distribution (to give relief, exemptions are not must find its own way; especially when faced crisis situations: death, disasters; but also whenjoy: to manage and channel the emotions); [2] liaison with the past (always been a long time, been There, a childhood memory: now brought back); [3] ethical (donations to non-ritual actions: taken out of self and active in the community); [4] social (Express themselves in ways that people can understand others, to determine the identity of the collective, the community needs ritual in order to truly be a community); [5] petition (Invokatif aspects, inviting outside forces us for help); [6] expressive (even heritage character, ritual also express ourselves; help us to provide face to our experience and to understand themselves itself).
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Meaning "Rite" [Latin]: religious ordinances, ceremonies religion, ceremonies, customs, habits. UK: rite-ritual = Indonesia: "rite", while "ritual" itself is adjective formation in the UK and Indonesia.
Rite:
- A. Nijk: rites arise because of the awareness of the gaps (lacunae, hiatus), there is something missing, not formulated, but people have to "do something without knowing how to ". So, people were "doing something" by trial and error. What was in the area of awareness and feelings expressed by trying to do something. The first experiment was repeated, and repeated. Repetitive actions often accompanied by a strong devotion. So, be a rite.
- Ronald L. Grimes: a type of behavior that clearly and deliberately distinguished from "normal behavior" that shows a special rule in space and time. Rite is a series of actions that are widely known by members of the culture as a "classic", "normative", "Essential" for proper understanding of the relation with self, world, and the Divine.
Ritual:- Ronald L. Grimes: a blend of several types action, eg. singing, drama, dance.
- Roy Rappoport: a form or structur displayed through a series of formal acts and sayings are not made by the perpetrators. Character is formal (invariant, stylized, repetitive, stereotyped, bound particular time and place), performative (not just a way to express something, but the ritual itself is an aspect of what is being disclosed, different drama [to audiences who saw] the ritual [Need to congregations that participated]), and efficacious (Not only communicate, but also make an impact, an efficacy that is not derived from experience senses and did not refer to the influence of material).
- Catherine Bell (ritual / rite / ritual) is not composed of unique actions that occur only in context of the rite, but a way of acting, a different in ways other act, any type of contrast (eg celebration of the Eucharist = not as a ritual food and drink usual). The difference was strengthened through a variety of strategies.
Social: the period, material, location. Objectives: [1] distinguish means "this" way "it", [2] confirms the values of available from the distinction, [3] gives the participants a "Experience" of the distinction is based on the nature reality (there is a hierarchy of behavior: the higher, moresacred).
- Gerard Lukken: not enough just to say that the ritual contain elements of a symbol (of Things), the symbolic action (Acts), and symbolic language (words), but need to see ritual significance of the functional characteristics: [1] healing and distribution (to give relief, exemptions are not must find its own way; especially when faced crisis situations: death, disasters; but also whenjoy: to manage and channel the emotions); [2] liaison with the past (always been a long time, been There, a childhood memory: now brought back); [3] ethical (donations to non-ritual actions: taken out of self and active in the community); [4] social (Express themselves in ways that people can understand others, to determine the identity of the collective, the community needs ritual in order to truly be a community); [5] petition (Invokatif aspects, inviting outside forces us for help); [6] expressive (even heritage character, ritual also express ourselves; help us to provide face to our experience and to understand themselves itself).
source : http://diosdias.wordpress.com
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Definition of cultureCulture is a way of life that developed and owned jointly by a group of people and passed down from generation to generation. Culture is made up of many complex elements, including religious and political systems, customs, languages, tools, clothing, buildings, and artwork. Language, as well as culture, an indispensable part of human beings, so many people tend to think of a genetically inherited. When someone tried to communicate with people who berbada culture and adjust their differences, proving that culture is learned.
Culture is a holistic lifestyle. culture is complex, abstract, and spacious. Many aspects of the communicative behaviors imposed their culture. The elements of socio-cultural spread and cover a lot of human social activities.
Some of the reasons why people experience difficulties when communicating with people from other cultures is seen in the definition of culture: Culture is a complex device values are polarized by an image containing a view on its own merits. "The image of the force" that takes different forms in various cultures such as "rugged individualism" in America, "the individual harmony with nature" d Japan and the "collective compliance" in China. Brsifat cultural image of the force to equip its members with guidance on appropriate behavior and set a world of meaning and logical values that can be borrowed its members the most humble to gain a sense of dignity and coherence with their lives.
Thus, budayalah which provides a framework for a coherent organizing one's activities and enable it to predict the behavior of others.
Culture is closely related to the public. Melville J. Herskovits and Bronislaw Malinowski argued that anything contained in this society is determined by the culture which is owned by the community itself. The term for it is the opinion-Cultural determinism.
Herskovits saw culture as something handed down from one generation to another, who then called the superorganic. According to Andreas Eppink, cultures containing whole notion of social values, social norms, knowledge and overall social structures, religious, etc., plus all the intellectual and artistic statements that characterize a society.
According to Edward Burnett Tylor, culture is a complex whole, in which are knowledge, belief, art, morals, laws, customs, and other capabilities acquired one as a member of the community.
According Selo Soemardjan and Soelaiman Soemardi, culture is the means of work, taste, and the copyright community.
Of the various definitions, can be obtained an understanding of culture is something that will affect the level of knowledge and cover the system of ideas or ideas contained in the human mind, so in everyday life, the culture is abstract. While the embodiment of cultural objects that are created by humans as cultural beings, and the behavior of objects that are tangible, such as patterns of behavior, language, equipment life, social organization, religion, art, etc., which all of which is intended to assist humans in carrying out their social life.
Culture is a holistic lifestyle. culture is complex, abstract, and spacious. Many aspects of the communicative behaviors imposed their culture. The elements of socio-cultural spread and cover a lot of human social activities.
Some of the reasons why people experience difficulties when communicating with people from other cultures is seen in the definition of culture: Culture is a complex device values are polarized by an image containing a view on its own merits. "The image of the force" that takes different forms in various cultures such as "rugged individualism" in America, "the individual harmony with nature" d Japan and the "collective compliance" in China. Brsifat cultural image of the force to equip its members with guidance on appropriate behavior and set a world of meaning and logical values that can be borrowed its members the most humble to gain a sense of dignity and coherence with their lives.
Thus, budayalah which provides a framework for a coherent organizing one's activities and enable it to predict the behavior of others.
Culture is closely related to the public. Melville J. Herskovits and Bronislaw Malinowski argued that anything contained in this society is determined by the culture which is owned by the community itself. The term for it is the opinion-Cultural determinism.
Herskovits saw culture as something handed down from one generation to another, who then called the superorganic. According to Andreas Eppink, cultures containing whole notion of social values, social norms, knowledge and overall social structures, religious, etc., plus all the intellectual and artistic statements that characterize a society.
According to Edward Burnett Tylor, culture is a complex whole, in which are knowledge, belief, art, morals, laws, customs, and other capabilities acquired one as a member of the community.
According Selo Soemardjan and Soelaiman Soemardi, culture is the means of work, taste, and the copyright community.
Of the various definitions, can be obtained an understanding of culture is something that will affect the level of knowledge and cover the system of ideas or ideas contained in the human mind, so in everyday life, the culture is abstract. While the embodiment of cultural objects that are created by humans as cultural beings, and the behavior of objects that are tangible, such as patterns of behavior, language, equipment life, social organization, religion, art, etc., which all of which is intended to assist humans in carrying out their social life.
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